
By Cal Kellogg
When most of us think about trout fishing we visualize mountain streams, lakes and reservoirs. This is only natural, since these are the types of waters we fish most often, but in doing so we are missing out on some of the most productive trout waters the west has to offer. I’m talking about tailwater fisheries, the river trout fisheries that exist below dams both large and small. Many of these tailwater fisheries create a situation that is perfect for growing big numbers of big trout.
First and foremost, most dams release water from deep in the lake’s water column. This means that the water in the tailwater river below the dam is cold and features a relatively stable temperature throughout the year. The process of releasing the water and in some instances pushing the water through turbines for generating electricity oxygenates the water. And at many dams it isn’t just water that flows out of the reservoir and through those turbines; baitfish such as pond smelt and shad are pulled through them as well. Some of these baitfish are killed and chopped up, while others emerge below the dam alive, but stunned and confused. These baitfish provide a buffet for trout and other gamefish residing in the tailwater river below the dam.
In addition to the proliferation of baitfish that most tailwater fisheries feature, aquatic insects also prosper in the cold, temperature-stable water. When you combine trout, cold well-oxygenated water, and ample forage, you have a situation where trout numbers soar and trout grow large.
For an example of just how productive tailwater fisheries can be, we need look no further than California. California is dotted with hundreds of trout lakes and thousands upon thousands of miles of streams. Yet it wasn’t any of these “traditional” waters that produced the state record 27-pound rainbow for Frank Palmer back in 2005. He caught that rainbow in a little-known tailwater fishery located below Folsom Lake, a short drive from the State Capital in Sacramento.
I think a major reason why more anglers don’t fish tailwaters is that many of the traditional approaches they use for hooking trout don’t work very well in tailwater fisheries.